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New lighter, stronger, more ductile steel may open a new era for the steel industry
By altering the way compounds are typically structured in an alloy of steel, researchers at the Graduate Institute of Ferrous Technology (GIFT) at Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) in South Korea have developed new lightweight steel which is to be as strong and as ductile as titanium. The new steel is made from an alloy of iron, aluminum, carbon, manganese, and nickel.
Previous research into lightweight steel had focused on adding aluminum to the steel alloy to reduce the steel’s density, and therefore its weight. Unfortunately, increasing the aluminum content in steel has had a negative impact on its ductility (ability to deform under tensile stress).
To counter this problem, the research team at Pohang University led by Professor Nak Joon Kim and Han Soo Kim, uniformly dispersed nanometer-sized B2 intermetallic compounds (an amalgam of two metals with equal numbers of atoms) between and within the steel grain structure. Incorporating intermetallic compounds into steel has been tried in the past but it has typically been harmful to the structure. However, by adding nickel and temperature-treating an alloy of iron, aluminum, manganese and carbon, the team was able to take advantage of the addition of intermetallic compounds, while at the same time increasing the ductility of the steel alloy.
The research has been carried out for the past four years with the support of the South Korean steelmaker POSCO. Pilot production runs are now scheduled to take place at the company’s Pohang Steel Mill to ensure the feasibility of the material’s full-scale production. If successful, this could potentially bring about a new era of high strength steels that will be lightweight and strong enough to produce even more fuel efficient vehicles and potentially be used in other transportation systems such as ships or aircrafts.
POSTECH professor Han Soo Kim said: ‘This newly developed materials can be produced using existing steel manufacturing facilities. This means they can be applied in sectors such as shipbuilding and civil engineering where lightweight materials are an absolutely necessity.’
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